Keragaman Jenis Burung Pada Berbagai Umur Revegetasi Pascatambang Batubara Di PT Adaro Indonesia, Kalimantan Selatan

Yaya Rayadin, Herlan Pradesta, Franklyn Alexander Siahaan, Muhammad Rusmanto, Laila Indasari

Abstract


Salah satu upaya pemulihan tutupan vegetasi di wilayah pertambangan batubara terbuka adalah dengan melakukan revegetasi pascatambang. Areal revegetasi merupakan areal dengan komposisi vegetasi yang cenderung homogen karena terdiri dari beberapa jenis tanaman pokok. Areal revegetasi dikembangkan secara bertahap sehingga terjadi perbedaan umur tanaman. Perbedaan tersebut mempengaruhi suksesi tanaman dan terbentuknya tutupan vegetasi yang dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman burung di dalamnya. Areal revegetasi yang menjadi lokasi studi dikelompokkan berdasarkan kelompok umur tanaman yaitu kelompok A (umur 5–10 tahun), kelompok B (umur 11–15 tahun), dan kelompok C (umur >15 tahun), sehingga dapat diketahui tren keanekaragaman spesies burung berdasarkan tingkat pertumbuhan atau suksesi tanamannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu point count atau titik hitung, serta beberapa indeks keanekaragaman digunakan untuk analisis data, fungsional pakan dan strata ekologi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks keanekaragaman meningkat seiring pertumbuhan tanaman, meskipun masih berada dalam kategori yang sama (tinggi). Indeks kemerataan dan indeks dominansi menunjukkan kategori yang sama pada seluruh kelompok umur. Indeks kesamaan jenis menunjukkan bahwa setiap lokasi yang dibandingkan memiliki nilai mendekati 100%, yang mengindikasikan kesamaan jenis yang saling menyerupai. Hasil yang terpenting adalah hadirnya berbagai fungsional pakan dan penggunaan ruang vertikal yang menunjukkan terbentuknya fungsi habitat di areal revegetasi yang telah dibangun. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran bahwa pengaruh areal revegetasi terhadap keragaman spesies menunjukkan pola peningkatan pada kelompok umur tanaman tua.

Keywords


Revegetasi, Umur, Burung, Fungsional, Strata Ekologi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31293/agrifor.v25i2.9617

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